In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to examine the relationship between money supply and inflation and to address inconsistencies in previous research. The overall effect of money supply on inflation was estimated at 0/578, providing a broad measure of its impact. However, an assessment using a funnel plot and Egger's test revealed publication bias. To correct for this bias, the "trim and fill" method was applied, reducing the adjusted overall effect to 0/475. Additionally, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate moderating variables. The results showed that the effect of money supply on inflation differs across fixed and floating exchange rate regimes, time periods before and after 2000, and between static and dynamic models. These findings contribute to a clearer understanding of the impact of monetary and economic policies on inflation and provide a foundation for future research.

Considering the water scarcity in Iran and the importance of environmental protection, it is approperiate to investigate the environmental management of Siah – Rud river. It is a small river being utilized as discharge channel by factories located in the vicinity of the river. The physico – chemical characteristics of river water at 10 different sampling locations along with coefficient of aeration (K1, Kd), and self purification of the river were determined. Using a linear computer programme, an optimization – model for the minimum treatment efficiency at each pollutant source, along with dissolved oxygen and BOD, in the course of river was developed.

Background: Composting is one of the sustainable practices to convert sewage sludge into useful agricultural product because it is rich in organic matter, micro- and macronutrients, which is essential for plants growth and soil fauna to live. Therefore, the present study was to recycle the sewage sludge by rotary drum composter. Five sets of experiments (C/N 15, 20, 25, 30 including control) were carried out in the reactor, where sewage sludge was coupled with sawdust and cattle manure to attain the optimal feedstock. The process was monitored with respect to physico-chemical characteristics and stability parameters during 20 days of composting period. In addition, the kinetic parameterskm and rm have been evaluated in the present work.ResultsHigher reductions in CO2 evolution and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) observed in C/N 30 showed the stability, resulting in the total biodegradable ingredients to be stabilized. Similarly, higher percentage reduction in carbon-nitrogen ratio was observed in C/N 30 followed by C/N 20, C/N 25, C/N 15 and control experiments, respectively, indicates maximum degradation was achieved; as it corroborate higher temperature regime occurred in C/N 30.The composting parameters such as moisture content, volatile solids, CO2 evolution, OUR and C/N ratio were reduced significantly (p<0.05). The kinetic model used illustrated the comparable variations in Michaelis constant (km) and maximum rate constant (rm) under varying proportions of the initial feedstock. The overall assessment of kinetic data for C/N 30 experiment showed enhancement of degradation during the composting process.ConclusionsThe results suggested that composting of sewage sludge with optimal proportion of cattle manure and saw dust, especially in C/N 30, can produce stable compost within 20 days of composting.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

Given that in refineries typically account for about third of the total investment cost of building sedimentary ponds, increasing the efficiency of these ponds, in addition to increasing the useful life of other parts of the treatment plant, is very important economically and the environmently. The main purpose of this study is to study 16 models of urban sewage sedimentary basins and to evaluate their efficiency with the help of data analysis. Matlab software was used in this evaluation, and in the end, the average efficiency of the two methods, CCR and BCC, was calculated to have a general result. The first place went to model number two and the last place went to model number nine. Comparisons between performance ratios have been used to compare results. The correlation coefficient between CCR and BCC results is 0. 754.

The use of ArcGIS software for determining the sewage design de data has been investigated in this thesis. In addition visual Basic program was used for sewage analysis on studying zone (Nabovat minacity in the IIam province). Research stages are as following:The data needed for design such as sewer pipe length, zone area covering a sewer and interpolation of earth height digits in site of manholes were determined by ArcGIS software.Then data related to characteristics of topography and statistical data (e.g. population and water and wastewater capita) in the studying geographical zone were prepared.This data are basis of sewage designing and these were prepared by valid references (e.g. books about geographical and statistical data) and through reference to related foundations and firms (e.g. Iran statistics center, water and wastewater firm and consulting engineering company for using of data related to neighbor zones of designing zone because of approximate similarity of description data demanded for designing).In the next stage the data was output by Arc GIS software, Data analysis was performed through a Visual Basic program.This research Results have specified that usage of ArcGIS software and visual Basic programing have brought about facilities for sewage design.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

Purpose: The management of sewage sludge represents a major environmental challenge on a global scale, as poor management can lead to significant risks for public health and the environment. This study aims to assess the fertilizing potential of sludge and its impact on agriculture and the environment, offering a sustainable solution for recovering this waste while improving soil fertility. Method: First, a physico-chemical study was carried out to identify the nutrients and organic and metallic pollutants present in the sludge analysed. Subsequently, the potential of this sludge as an organic fertilizer was evaluated. The impact of sludge application was studied on plants, with a quantification of heavy metals in the aerial and root tissues of the inoculated plants. Result: The sludge analyzed contains high organic matter (85. 57%) and moisture (53. 67%), making it ideal as a soil improver to enhance structure and water retention. Rich in phosphorus (71%), it supports plant growth. Organic and metallic micropollutants are present only at trace levels, well below AFNOR limits. Sludge application promotes heavy metal absorption by plants, with accumulation in aerial parts and soil. It also boosts plant dry biomass in aerial and root tissues, while heavy metal levels in plant tissues remain within regulatory thresholds. Conclusion: These promising results allow recommendations to be considered for promoting increased use of sludge in agriculture to improve yields. Integrating sludge recovery into a circular bioeconomy approach not only helps to reduce the amount of sludge generated, but also to limit their environmental impact. Research Highlights Sludge improves soil fertility by providing essential organic matter and nutrients. Sludge adds organic matter to the soil, improving its structure and biological activity. Sludge reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and reduces waste Sludge improves nutrient recycling, which enhances agricultural sustainability. Sludge recovery reduces the carbon footprint by reducing emissions from chemical fertilizers. Proper management and treatment are necessary to avoid the risk of contamination.